Friday, May 22, 2009
CHANGE WEB ADDRESS
Thank you for all reader interesting to read this blog. For giving you more convenience, the blog address of Daily Industry have been changed. All contents of this blog will be moved and continued in a new blog address. Now, Daily Industry can be accessed at:
Thursday, May 7, 2009
LINEAR PROGRAMMING AND SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS FOR SHOPPING
Solving of this problem will become simple with Linear Programming (LP). LP is a mathematical technique for optimization of linear objective function. In 1939, Leonid Kantorovich, a Russian mathematician, founds this technique. Then, George B. Datzig, John von Neumann, Leonid Khaciyan, and Narendra Karmarkar develop this technique. Clearance sale shirt and t-shirt example below will show that LP can be used to solve this problem. For example, a department store opens New Year clearance sale for shirt and t-shirt. One shirt prices $25 and $15 for a t-shirt. A shop looks this opportunity to make a $400. In addition, his inventory only can keep 100 clothes, whereas he has kept 53 shirts and 29 t-shirts. Then, he considers that he can sell shirt at least twice than t-shirt in one week. How much shirt and t-shirt should he buy in this clearance sale?
Consider that X1 is for shirt and X2 is for t-shirt. The objective of this problem is maximize profit from (40-25) X1 + (35-15) X2 = 15 X1 + 20 X2. There are three constraint of this problem. First, sales demand constraint is X1 – 2X2 >= 0. Second, budget constraint is 25X1 +15 X2 <= 400. Third, capacity constraints is X1 + X2 <= (100-(53+29)) ~ 18. So the mathematical equation is:
Max Profit: z = 15X1 + 20 X2
Constraint: X1 – 2X2 >= 0
25X1 +15 X2 <= 400
X1 + X2 <= 18
There are many ways to solve this problem such as LP Graphic and Excel Solver. The graphic and the excel solver output will be showed below.
From graphics, there are three alternatives of optimum solutions. First, in point (18, 0) will make profit $270. Second, in point (13, 5) will make profit $295. Third, in point (12.3, 6.15) will make profit $307.5, but this answer is invisible because shirt and t-shirt cannot be decimal. Hence, the nearest options are (12, 6) with profit $300. Furthermore, He should buy 12 shirts and 6 t-shirts. It is very suitable with the answer from Excel Solver table below.
The owner of shop also can analyze the changing in the parameters of this LP problem. This analysis is called sensitivity analysis. In this case, Excel Solver is also used to define the sensitivity analysis.
The table above shows that the final answer will not be change if:
1. The profit of Shirt changes in range from 0 to 20 infinity
2. The profit of T-Shirt changes in range from 15 to infinity
3. The constraint of budget change in range from 290 to infinity
4. The constraint of capacity change in range from 0 to 18.461538462
5. The constraint of demand change in range from -36 to 3
Hence, have fun in shopping.
Wednesday, April 22, 2009
HAPPY EARTH DAY 22 APRIL, SAVE OUR EARTH
Earth where human, animals, and botanical live ages million years. Good ecosystem will make our earth healthy. Last years, degradation of our earth’s ecosystem is conscious by people. All parts of the world call this degradation with “Global Warming” because it signs with increasing temperature of atmosphere, sea, and land. Human as the best grade of creature must save the earth from destruction. All people need to consider saving energy and cleaning the earth with healthy life style habit.
Save electricity, save fuel, and save forest are example activities to save energy. Save electricity activities, such as turn off lamp, air conditioner, and electronic equipment if it is not really used, will reduce greenhouse effect. Other activity to support it is save fossil fuel like mineral oil (kerosene, paraffin waxes, gasoline, diesel, and petroleum), gas, and coal. The output of combustion are greenhouse gas emissions air pollutants such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrogen oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), volatile organic compounds, and heavy metals. In addition the other activity to reduce greenhouse effect is save forest because forest as earth’s lung function to reduce greenhouse effect. Forest will convert greenhouse gas emission into Oxygen (O2). Forestation and forbid illegal logging are the best activities to save our earth.
What should all earth’s citizens do? To save this earth, the simplest activity is to clean environment such as no littering, clean water resources, and manage wastes. First, no littering culture everywhere must develop among people because this simple activity can help to clean our earth. Second, clean water resources like gutter, lake, river, swamp, basin, and sea. Ideally, all water resources are free from rubbish and waste. Then, citizens, industry, and government need to pay attention about this. Third, the other simple activity is managing wastes with 3R (Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle). 3R means cut down rubbish and waste, exploit it which are still good to use, and produce it into new product.
The important activity to save our earth is from people themselves with healthy life style habit. Consume healthy food have two benefits. Beside good for health of the people themselves, it can affect psychologically to aware with healthy earth. Consume healthy food will not be complete if people do not want to do activity sports. Sport awareness also concern psychologically to make the earth green because in sport need oxide from plant. Healthy habits are also important to save the earth. It include not to smoke because smoking produce air pollutant like carbon dioxide, clean body and environment routine, and reduce in using plastics and paper.
“Global Warming” is a disaster that majority caused by human. Hence, they should improve the quality of earth. Saving energy and cleaning the earth with healthy life style habit are important activities which need supported from all citizen of earth. Then, HAPPY EARTH DAY 22 April, SAVE OUR EARTH.
Save electricity, save fuel, and save forest are example activities to save energy. Save electricity activities, such as turn off lamp, air conditioner, and electronic equipment if it is not really used, will reduce greenhouse effect. Other activity to support it is save fossil fuel like mineral oil (kerosene, paraffin waxes, gasoline, diesel, and petroleum), gas, and coal. The output of combustion are greenhouse gas emissions air pollutants such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrogen oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), volatile organic compounds, and heavy metals. In addition the other activity to reduce greenhouse effect is save forest because forest as earth’s lung function to reduce greenhouse effect. Forest will convert greenhouse gas emission into Oxygen (O2). Forestation and forbid illegal logging are the best activities to save our earth.
What should all earth’s citizens do? To save this earth, the simplest activity is to clean environment such as no littering, clean water resources, and manage wastes. First, no littering culture everywhere must develop among people because this simple activity can help to clean our earth. Second, clean water resources like gutter, lake, river, swamp, basin, and sea. Ideally, all water resources are free from rubbish and waste. Then, citizens, industry, and government need to pay attention about this. Third, the other simple activity is managing wastes with 3R (Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle). 3R means cut down rubbish and waste, exploit it which are still good to use, and produce it into new product.
The important activity to save our earth is from people themselves with healthy life style habit. Consume healthy food have two benefits. Beside good for health of the people themselves, it can affect psychologically to aware with healthy earth. Consume healthy food will not be complete if people do not want to do activity sports. Sport awareness also concern psychologically to make the earth green because in sport need oxide from plant. Healthy habits are also important to save the earth. It include not to smoke because smoking produce air pollutant like carbon dioxide, clean body and environment routine, and reduce in using plastics and paper.
“Global Warming” is a disaster that majority caused by human. Hence, they should improve the quality of earth. Saving energy and cleaning the earth with healthy life style habit are important activities which need supported from all citizen of earth. Then, HAPPY EARTH DAY 22 April, SAVE OUR EARTH.
Friday, March 20, 2009
CORELAP METHOD FOR PRIVATE HOUSES DESIGN
Most of people dream of possessing a private house. Some of them desire to design by themselves without using architect services, but they usually do not understand how to design it. Furthermore, most of people do not care about how build an effective and efficient house, because this is not necessary for a house design. On the other hand, some people consider that this matter is important; they can try to apply CORELAP method to design it.
CORELAP (Computerized Relationship Layout Planning) is a simple method in facility layout and location discipline which is usually used to design a factory and facility. As a facility of living, house should be designed by using CORELAP method. Following this is an example of house design in 180m2 land (12 meters x 15 meters). There are 3 steps to design with CORELAP method such as plan the rooms, size, and room’s relationship; calculation and design the CORELAP; and draw a draft layout.
First, a house consists of 15 rooms that the name of room, size, and relationship are showed in the “Activity/Space Relationship Diagram” and “Relationship Table” below. The rating of relationship between two rooms is sign as A, E, I, O, U, or X. The definition of “A” is absolutely necessary; “E” is especially important; “I” is important; “O” is ordinary closeness; “U” is unimportant; and “X” is undesirable.
Then, every sign needs to give a score that is started with U=0, O=1, I=n, E= n2, A=n3, and X=–n3. Hence in this example; the score are A = 125, E = 25, I = 5, O = 1, U = 0, and X = -125. Then, every room has total closeness rating (TCR). CORELAP starts with the biggest TCR.
Second, the important step in CORELAP is learning about adjacency. Adjacency is a coefficient between two activities/spaces. The range of adjacency is between 0 and 1. There are three types of adjacency that are fully adjacent (side contact), partially adjacent (point contact), and non adjacent (no contact at all). Fully adjacent has 1 value of coefficient; partially adjacent has 0.5 value of coefficient; and non adjacent have 0 value of coefficient. CORELAP adapts this theory. Started with first room in the middle, put the relationship value with second order in the 8 side around it multiplied with adjacency. Then, put the next room in the highest value. All calculations illustrate in the figure below.
Third, Draft a layout using CORELAP block diagram. Draw the requirement of land and make grid. Assume that one block covers 1 m2. Draft all rooms refer to CORELAP block diagram. In this example, the draft layout will be showed in figure below.
In the conclusion, CORELAP can be applied to make a layout design of house. This simple method should refer to other architect methods of rules.
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